Fig. 8

Vorticity isosurfaces for the AVF and contralateral non-surgery controls. The colors are adjusted to emphasize the vorticity distributions in the vein (a) and artery (b). The AVF vein had substantial regions where vorticity was 500 1/s (black arrow heads), and the inflow artery had substantial regions where vorticity was 5000 1/s (red arrow heads)